ESG IMPACT

Impact of Land Resources on Electric Vehicles
155KG
155KG
Water consumption 45 t
Water consumption 45 t
Produce toxic substances 58 t
Produce toxic substances 58 t
Discharge of solid waste 64 t
Discharge of solid waste 64 t
Emissions of CO2 13t
Emissions of CO2 13t
Storage Location
STORAGE LOCATION
Storage Location

● Offshore - no deforestation, no mass displacement, no fixed infrastructure;

● Deep sea - no release of carbon sequestered in seafloor sediments;

● Marine deserts - no vegetation, minimal amount of biomass affected;

● The most common habitat on earth - easier to set aside protected areas.


Resources
RESOURCES
Resources

● high grade of four metals in the same ore - fewer ore types to process 

● very low levels of deleterious elements - 100% conversion to product possible;

● unimpeded access to nodules - no need to remove overburden

● Easy to mine - no drilling and blasting required.


Advantages
ADVANTAGES
Advantages

● 70% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions

● 94% reduction in at-risk carbon storage

● 90% reduction in emissions of sulfur-containing nitrogen oxides

● No solid waste

● 94% reduction in land resource use

● 92% reduction in forest depletion

● No use of child labor


ESG Data source : Paulikas et al, Where Should Metals for the Green Transition Come From? April 2020 White Paper; D. Paulikas, S. Katona, E. Ilves, S.H. Ali, “Life cycle climate change impacts of producing battery metals from land ores versus deep-sea polymetallic nodules,’ Journal of Cleaner Production, 275 (2020) 123822.